Uncle Tom的词源

英文词源

Uncle Tom (n.)

"servile black man," 1922, somewhat inaccurately in reference to the humble, pious, but strong-willed main character in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852). The image implied in the insult perhaps is more traceable to the late 19c. minstel show versions of the story, which reached a far wider audience than the book.

I don't recall anyone in the 1920s using the term 'Uncle Tom' as an epithet. But what's amazing is how fast it caught on (in the 1930s). Black scholars picked up (the term) and just started throwing it at each other. [Ernest Allen, quoted in Hamilton, Kendra, "The Strange Career of Uncle Tom," Black Issues in Higher Education, June 2002]

As a verb, attested from 1937.

中文词源

Uncle Tom：汤姆大叔（指想讨好或侍奉白人的黑人男子）

来自美国作家Harrier Beecher Stowe小说“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”中的人物Uncle Tom, 因其形象的描写，后词义逐渐通用化。比较girl Friday.

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：Uncle Tom 词源，Uncle Tom 含义。

Uncle Tom：听命于白人逆来顺受的黑人

典出美国女作家斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe,1811-1896）的著名长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。主人公Uncle Tom（汤姆叔叔）是一位受尽主人西蒙﹒莱格利（Simon Legree）虐待的黑人奴隶。他信奉基督教，屈从于命运，对主子逆来顺受，甚至处处为主子着想，事事维护主子的利益，可是后果还是被主子卖掉，在奴隶主之间几经转手之后，落入了极端残暴的一个奴隶主手里，最后难掩两个女奴逃亡而惨死在主人的皮鞭之下。然而他对这一切毫无怨言，在死前还念念不忘基督教教义，为主子祈祷。该书揭露了美国南部种植园黑人奴隶制和黑奴的痛苦。该书发表后，在国内外引起强烈反响，有力地推动了美国反奴隶制的斗争。Uncle Tom一语以后再美国口语中被黑人民族主义者用来喻指“听命于白人逆来顺受的黑人”，还由此派生出 Uncle Tomism（听命于白人的逆来顺受主义），Uncle Tomish(听命于白人逆来顺受的)等词语。